Description

Integer Multiplication using Add and Shift Operations

Create an ARMv8 assembly language program that implements the following integer multiplication program:

#include <stdio.h>
#define FALSE 0
#define TRUE 1
int main() {
int multiplier, multiplicand, product, i, negative; long int result, temp1, temp2;

// Initialize variables multiplicand = -16843010; multiplier = 70; product = 0;

// Print out initial values of variables
printf(“multiplier = 0x%08x (%d) multiplicand = 0x%08x (%d) “, multiplier, multiplier, multiplicand, multiplicand);

// Determine if multiplier is negative negative = multiplier < 0 ? TRUE : FALSE;

// Do repeated add and shift for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) { if (multiplier & 0x1) {
product = product + multiplicand;
}

// Arithmetic shift right the combined product and multiplier multiplier = multiplier >> 1; if (product & 0x1) {
multiplier = multiplier | 0x80000000;
} else {
multiplier = multiplier & 0x7FFFFFFF;
}
product = product >> 1;
}

// Adjust product register if multiplier is negative if (negative) {
product = product – multiplicand;
}

// Print out product and multiplier printf(“product = 0x%08x multiplier = 0x%08x “, product, multiplier);

// Combine product and multiplier together temp1 = (long int)product & 0xFFFFFFFF; temp1 = temp1 << 32;
temp2 = (long int)multiplier & 0xFFFFFFFF; result = temp1 + temp2;

// Print out 64-bit result
printf(“64-bit result = 0x%016lx (%ld) “, result, result);

return 0; }

Be sure to use 32-bit registers for variables declared using int, and 64-bit registers for variables declared using long int. Use m4 macros to name the registers to make your code more readable. Name the program assign2a.asm. Optimize your code so that it uses as few instructions as possible.

Also run the program in gdb, displaying the contents of key registers as the program executes; you should show that the algorithm is working as expected. Capture the gdb session using the Unix command script and name the output file script.txt.

Create a second version of the program (called assign2b.asm) that uses 522133279 for the multiplicand, and 200 for the multiplier. Also create a third version of the program (called assign2c.asm) that uses -252645136 for the multiplicand, and -256 for the multiplier.

Other Requirements

Make sure your code is properly formatted into columns, is readable and fully documented, and includes identifying information at the top of each file. You must comment each line of assembly code. Your code should also be well designed: make sure it is well organized, clear, and concise.

New Skills Needed for this Assignment:

• Use of bitwise logical and shift operations
• Use of branching and condition code tests
• Understanding of hexadecimal and binary numbers

Submit the following:

Computing Machinery I
Assignment 2 Grading

Student:__________________________________________

Functionality:

Correct calculation of product
4 ______
Use of bit masking
6 ______
Use of shift instructions
3 ______
Display to screen
3 ______
Optimization
3 ______
Script showing gdb session
3 ______
Complete documentation and commenting
4 ______
Formatting (use of columns and white space)
4 ______
Design quality
2 ______
Version 2
2 ______
Version 3

2 ______
Total 36 ______ _____%