Description

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Implementing the Whitted Ray Tracing algorithm. After completing the programming assignment, you should have learned
• how to compute ray intersection with some simple implicit-form surface primitive,
• how to do lighting computation,
• how to shoot shadow rays to generate shadows,
• how to spawn secondary rays,
• how to trace rays recursively, and
• how the Whitted Ray Tracing algorithm works.
TASKS
You are to complete an incomplete C++ program that implements the Whitted Ray Tracing algorithm. You have to complete the program according to the following requirements. There are altogether three tasks in the assignment.

Please download the ZIP file Lab4_todo_(*).zip from the Lab Assignments folder in LumiNUS Files. A Visual Studio 2017 solution Main.sln (or Xcode project Main.xcodeproj on macOS) is provided for you to build the executable program. If you build and run the given incomplete program, it will produce an image as follows (in file out1.png).

It shows an image of an unlit scene of 3 intersecting planes and a cube made of triangles. Two additional spheres are supposed to be in the image, but the ray-sphere intersection routine has not been implemented yet.

Task 1
You are to complete the Sphere::hit() and Sphere::shadowHit() functions in Sphere.cpp to compute ray-sphere intersection. You must write your code only in places marked “WRITE YOUR CODE HERE”.

You can refer to Plane.{h, cpp} and Triangle.{h, cpp} to get some idea how to do it. Other relevant files to study are Vector3d.h, Ray.h, Surface.h, and Sphere.h.

For this task, you have to submit your completed Sphere.cpp, and the image generated, which should look like the following. You must name your image file img_spheres.png.

img_spheres.png

Task 2
You are to complete the Raytrace::TraceRay() function in Raytrace.cpp to perform the recursive ray tracing. You must write your code only in places marked “WRITE YOUR CODE HERE”.

In this implementation, we are assuming that all objects are opaque. At each surface point intersected by the ray, the color result is computed using the formula

𝐼 = 𝐼𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 + 𝑘𝑟𝑔 𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑
where
𝑀
𝐼𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼𝑎𝑘𝑎 + ∑ 𝑘𝑖,𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑤 𝐼𝑖,𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒[𝑘𝑑(𝑵 ∙ 𝑳𝑖) + 𝑘𝑟(𝑹𝑖 ∙ 𝑽)𝑛] 𝑖=1

and M is the number of point light sources in the scene.

The relevant files to study first are Vector3d.h, Color.h, Ray.h, Material.h, Light.h, Surface.h, Scene.h and Raytrace.h.

For this task, you have to submit your completed Raytrace.cpp, and the images generated by the program, which should look like the followings. There are 6 images you need to submit, and you must name them as shown at the bottom of each image shown below.

img_r0.png
reflectLevels = 0 hasShadow = false img_r0s.png
reflectLevels = 0 hasShadow = true

img_r1.png
reflectLevels = 1 hasShadow = false img_r1s.png
reflectLevels = 1 hasShadow = true

img_r2.png img_r2s.png
reflectLevels = 2 reflectLevels = 2
hasShadow = false hasShadow = true
Each of these images should take less than 10 seconds to produce. On my laptop, img_r2s.png (the most time-consuming) took about 1 second. In your IDE (e.g. Microsoft Visual Studio, Xcode), make sure you compile your program using the Release configuration.

Task 3
You are to complete the DefineScene2() function in Main.cpp to model a new scene for rendering. You must write your code only in places marked “WRITE YOUR CODE HERE”.

You must use all the surface primitive types, namely, plane, sphere, and triangle, in your scene model. This task will be assessed based on the fulfillment of the above basic requirements, on the technical difficulty and object’s complexity, and on the aesthetics and creativity. Your scene model should be rendered with reflectLevels=2 and hasShadow=true, and an image resolution of 640×480. Name your image file img_scene2.png.

For this task, you have to submit your completed Main.cpp, and the generated image img_scene2.png.
GRADING
The maximum marks for this programming assignment is 100, and it constitutes 8% of your total marks for the module. The marks are allocated as follows:

• Task 1 –– 30 marks

• Task 2 –– 50 marks

• Task 3 –– 20 marks
▪ 10 marks –– basic requirements,
▪ 5 marks –– technical difficulty and object’s complexity, ▪ 5 marks –– aesthetics and creativity.

Note that marks will be deducted for bad coding style. If your program cannot be compiled and linked, you get 0 (zero) mark.

Good coding style. Comment your code adequately, use meaningful names for functions and variables, and indent your code properly. You must fill in your name, and NUS User ID in the header comment.

SUBMISSION
For this assignment, you need to submit only the following 11 files:

• Sphere.cpp and img_spheres.png,
• Raytrace.cpp and img_r0.png, img_r0s.png, img_r1.png, img_r1s.png, img_r2.png, img_r2s.png,
• Main.cpp and img_scene2.png.

You must put it/them in a ZIP file and name your ZIP file nus-user-id_lab4.zip. For example, if your NUS User ID is e0123456, you should name your file e0123456_lab4.zip.

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