Description

#### **(2 extra-credit points if Coderunner (Start Early) is completed by

<br/>

# Table of contents

1. [Objectives](#objectives)
2. [Background](#background)
3. [Testing Functions](#tests)
1. [Void functions with printed output](#void)
2. [Non-void functions returning bool or int](#non-void-bool-int)
3. [Non-void functions returning double](#non-void-double)
4. [Functions manipulating arrays](#test-function-array)
4. [Questions](#questions)
1. [Question 1](#question1) 2. [Question 2](#question2)
3. [Question 3](#question3)
4. [Question 4a](#question4a)
5. [Question 4b](#question4b)
1. [Checklist](#checklist)
2. [Grading rubric](#grading)

# Objectives <a name=”objectives”></a>

* Understand how to read and process data from files

# Background <a name=”background”></a>
## File Input
So far in class, we’ve been using the `iostream` standard library. This library has provided us with methods like `cin` and `cout`. `cin` is the method that reads from standard input (i.e. in the terminal via the keyboard) and `cout` is for writing to standard output.

In this background section we’ll cover file input, which will allow you to read information from a file. To do this, we’ll need to include C++’s `fstream` library, which is short for “file stream”.

**Reading Lines From A File**

**Step 1. Make a stream object.** <br/>
Create an object (a variable) of file stream type. If you want to open a file for reading only, then the `ifstream` object should be used (short for “input file stream”).

*Example*
“`cpp
// create an input file stream object ifstream file_input;
“`

**Step 2. Open a file.** <br/>
Once you have a file stream object, you need to open the file. To do this, use the `ifstream` object’s `open()` method (function), which takes only one parameter: the file name as a string (surrounded by ” ” if the file name is given directly).

*Example*
“`cpp
// open myTextFile.txt with the file stream object file_input.open(“myTextFile.txt”);
“`

**Step 3. Checking for open files.** <br/>

`fail()`: This method will return a boolean value `true` if the file failed to open and `false` otherwise.

*Example* “`cpp
if (file_input.fail()) // true when file opens sucessfully
{
cout << “Could not open file.” << endl;
return -1; // return to terminate the program; -1 to indicate that the program didn’t function as expected
}
// do things with the file
“`

`is_open()`: This method will return a boolean value `true` if the file has successfully opened and `false` otherwise.

*Example* “`cpp
if (file_input.is_open()) // true when file opens sucessfully
{
// do things with the file
} else {
cout << “Could not open file.” << endl;
}
“`

**Step 4. Read lines from the file.** <br/>
*Example* “`cpp string line = “”; int line_idx = 0; // read each line from the file
while (!file_input.eof()) // continue looping as long as there is data to be processed in the file
{
// get the next line from the file and store in ‘line’ variable getline(fin, line);

// print each line read from the file cout << line_idx << “: ” << line << endl;

// increment index(count of lines in the file) line_idx++;
}
“`

**Step 5. Closing a file.** <br/>
When you are finished processing your files, it is recommended to close all the opened files before the program is terminated. You can do this by using the `.close()` function on your file stream object.

*Example*
“`cpp
// closing the file file_input.close();
“`

**Step 6. Putting it all together.** <br/>
If we put all the previous steps together, this is the final piece of code we get.

*Example*
“`cpp
// create an input file stream object ifstream file_input;

// open myTextFile.txt with the file stream object file_input.open(“myTextFile.txt”);

// check if file opened successfully if (file_input.fail())
{
cout << “Could not open file.” << endl; return -1;
} else
{
// do things with the file string line = “”; int line_idx = 0;

// read each line from the file while (!file_input.eof())
{
// gets line of text from file_input, stores it in line getline(file_input, line);

// print each line read from the file
cout << line_idx << “: ” << line << endl;

// increment index (count of lines in the file) line_idx++;
}
}

// closing the file myTextFile.close();
“`

# Testing functions <a name=”tests”></a>

Every C++ program you write should include a main function that tests the function you wrote.
There will be 3 different types of test cases you are expected to write depending on the return type of the function.
Listed below is how we expect you to test different types of functions. The process will be different
if you are testing a `void` function, a non-void function that return an
`int` or `bool`, or a non-void function that returns a `double`.

#### 1. Void Functions with printed output <a name=”void”></a>

For **void** functions that have printed output (i.e. functions that use
`cout` to print to the terminal), call the testing function in the main function. Your tests should include the expected output in comments.

See the sample code below:
“`c++
void checkDiscount(double discount)
{
if (discount >= 50)
{
cout << “Great discount!” << endl;
} else {
cout << “Not a great discount.” << endl;
} return; } int main()
{
// test 1 for checkDiscount
// expected output: “Great discount!” checkDiscount(82.7);

// test 2 for checkDiscount
// expected output: “Not a great discount.” checkDiscount(22);

return 0;
}
“`
_* For the purpose of this test code snippet, algorithm comments were not included, but they are still expected in your C++ files._

<br>

#### 2. Non-Void Functions returning bool or int <a name=”non-void-boolint”></a>

For functions that return a **bool, char or int**, use **assert statements** from the **cassert** library (`#include <cassert>`) with a conditional expression.

Assert statements contain a conditional expression which will evaluate to
`true` if the function’s actual output matches what’s expected. If the conditional expression evaluates to `false`, then your program will stop running after printing an error message.

For the purpose of this project, functions that return a `bool`, `char` or `int` can be compared to a specific value using the equality operator `==`.

Your test will look something like this:

`assert(<function call> == <value to compare to>);`

* `<function call>` is where you will call the function you want to test with its function parameters.
* `<value to compare to>` is the value you expect the function to return. * `==` is the equality operator, and it compares the equality of both sides of itself.

See the sample code below:
“`c++
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert> using namespace std;

int addInts(int num1, int num2)
{
// add num1 and num2 before returning return num1 + num2;
}

// isDrivingAge() returns true if the given age passed as a parameter
// is greater than or equal to 16, otherwise it returns false.
bool isDrivingAge(int age)
{
return age >= 16;
} int main()
{
// test 1 for addInts assert(addInts(5, 6) == 11);

// test 2 for addInts
assert(addInts(10, 10) == 20);

// test 3 for drivingAge assert(isDrivingAge(17) == true);

// test 4 for drivingAge assert(isDrivingAge(14) == false);
}
“`
_* For the purpose of this test code snippet, algorithm comments were not included, but they are still expected in your C++ files._

<br>

#### 3. Non-Void Functions returning double <a name=”non-void-double”></a>
For functions that return a **double**, you should use an **assert statement** from the **cassert** header (`#include <cassert>`) with a conditional expression like above. The difference is that you will also need to include the following function in your program:
“`c++
/**
* doublesEqual will test if two doubles are equal to each other within two decimal places.
*/
bool doublesEqual(double a, double b, const double epsilon = 1e-2)
{
double c = a – b;
return c < epsilon && -c < epsilon;
}
“`
Because the `double` type holds so much precision, it will be hard to compare the equality of a function that returns a
double with another double value. To overcome this challenge, we can compare
`double` values within a certain range
of precision or decimal places. The function above compares the equality of two variables `a` and `b` up to two decimal places, and returns `true` if the values of `a` and `b` are equal with each other up to two decimal places.

You will be expected to use this function in conjunction with `assert` statements to test functions that return the type double.

Your test will look something like this:
`assert(doubles_equal(<function call>, <value to compare to>));`

* `<function call>` is where you will call the function you want to test with its function parameters
* `<value to compare to>` is the `double` value you expect the function to return.

See the sample code below:
“`c++
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert> using namespace std;
/**
* doublesEqual will test if two doubles are equal to each other within two decimal places.
*/
bool doublesEqual(double a, double b, const double epsilon = 1e-2)
{
double c = a – b;
return c < epsilon && -c < epsilon;
}
/**
* reciprocal returns the value of 1 divided by the number passed into the function. */
double reciprocal(int num)
{
return 1.0 / num;
} int main()
{
// test 1 for reciprocal
assert(doublesEqual(reciprocal(6), 0.16));
// test 2 for reciprocal
assert(doublesEqual(reciprocal(12), 0.083));
}
“`
For test 1, `reciprocal(6)` is being called, and we expect the function to return the value `0.16`.
The return value of `reciprocal(6)` and `0.16` is passed in as parameters to the `doublesEquals` function,
which will then return `true` if these two values are equal or `false` if they are not.

_* For the purpose of this test code snippet, algorithm comments were not included, but they are still expected in your C++ files._
<br>

#### 4. Functions manipulating arrays <a name=”test-function-array”></a>
Functions which manipulate arrays passed as arguments can be tested by asserting on individual elements of the array after calling the function.
This works even for `void` functions because arrays are passed by reference; even if the function doesn’t return anything, the array in the function is the same array in memory as the one outside the scope of your function.

Note that if the array is an array of `float` or `double`, the
`doubles_equal` function described [here](#non-void-double) should be used to assert on individual array elements.

See the sample code below:
“`cpp
#include<iostream>
#include<cassert> using namespace std;

/**
* Add one to each element of the array.
*/
void addOneToArrayElements(int arr[], int size)
{
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
arr[i] = arr[i] + 1;
}
}

/**
* doublesEqual will test if two doubles are equal to each other within two decimal places.
*/
bool doublesEqual(double a, double b, const double epsilon = 1e-2)
{
double c = a – b;
return c < epsilon && -c < epsilon;
}

/**
* Add one to each element of the array.
*/
void addOneToArrayElementsDouble(double arr[], int size)
{
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
arr[i] = arr[i] + 1.0;
}
}
int main()
{
// test 1 for addOneToArrayElements int test1Arr[3] = {1, 2, 3}; addOneToArrayElements(test1Arr, 3); assert(test1Arr[0] == 2); assert(test1Arr[1] == 3); assert(test1Arr[2] == 4);

// test 2 for addOneToArrayElements int test2Arr[3] = {8, 10}; addOneToArrayElements(test2Arr, 2); assert(test2Arr[0] == 9); assert(test2Arr[1] == 11);

// test 1 for addOneToArrayElementsDouble double test3Arr[4] = {1.5, 4.6, 9.7, 16.8}; addOneToArrayElementsDouble(testArr3, 4); assert(doublesEqual(testArr3[0], 2.5)); assert(doublesEqual(testArr3[1], 5.6)); assert(doublesEqual(testArr3[2], 10.7)); assert(doublesEqual(testArr3[3], 17.8)); }
“`
_* For the purpose of this test code snippet, algorithm comments were not included, but they are still expected in your C++ files._

<br>

# Questions <a name=”questions”></a>

### For this homework, you are not allowed to use:
* stringstream objects
* pointers
* references
* vectors
* global variables

## Question 1 (6 points): Testing Functions <a name=”question1″></a>

For this question, you’re given two complete functions. You need to fill in the main function to test the other functions as outlined in the [Testing Functions](#tests) section. Write at least six test cases using assertions for each function in the program below. You should test at least 2 boundary/edge cases for each function.

“`cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <cassert>

using namespace std;

/*
Counts the number of given characters found in the given input string.
*/
int countCharacters(string input, char c)
{
int count = 0;
int input_len = input.length(); // store length of string in variable
// loop through the string to check every character for (int i = 0; i < input_len; i++)
{
if (input[i] == c) // add one to total count if it matches desired character
count += 1;
} return count;
}

/*
Takes a given file name and reads the contents.
Counts the occurences of letter on each line.
Prints the line number and the number of occurences for each line. At the end, prints the total number of occurences.
Returns true if the total number of occurences was greater than 20. */
bool readFile(string file_name, char letter)
{ bool result = false; // final result to return at end int total_count = 0; // counts total occurrences of letter
int line_count = 0; // count of occurrences of letter for a single line

string line; // variable for storing each line as we read it ifstream fin; // file input stream

fin.open(file_name); // Open input file

if (fin.fail())
{
cout << “File couldn’t be opened!” << endl; result = false;
} else
{
// read every line of file, count number of characters on each line int line_number = 0;
while (!fin.eof()) // continue looping as long as there is data to be processed in the file
{
line_number += 1; getline(fin, line);

line_count = countCharacters(line, letter); total_count += line_count;

cout << “Line: ” << line_number << “, Occurences: ” << line_count
<< endl;
}

// print the total count to user
cout << “Total occurences: ” << total_count << endl;
// update result of function — is true if total count greater than
20
result = total_count > 20;

// close files fin.close();
} return result;
} int main()
{
// write at least 6 additional test cases to test countCharacters()
// write at least 6 additional test cases to test readFile()

assert(readFile(“shakespeare_sonnet.txt”, ‘e’) == true);

return 0;
}
“`
Your file should be named **writingTests.cpp** and should include all of your tests. There is no CodeRunner for this question.

## Question 2 (6 points): Comparing Mountains <a name=”question2″></a>
Today is your first day as a software engineering intern with the National
Park Service. You’ve started on a busy day and for a meeting later your boss asked you to develop a function to print some statistics about the mountains in the Colorado Rockies. You’ve been given **mountain_data.txt**, a file which contains a list of different mountains. Each line contains the name of a mountain and its height (as a whole number) in feet, separated by a single “|” delimeter.

*Function Specifications:*
* **Name:** printMountainStats()
* **Parameters (Your function should accept these parameters IN THIS
ORDER):**
* `string` **filename**: the name of the file to be read
* **Return Value:** No Return Value.
* **Output:**
* Print the number of non-empty lines read from the file
* Print the name and height of the tallest mountain
* Print the name and height of the shortest mountain
* If any ties for tallest or shortest mountain are found, keep the mountain that is first in the list.
* Print an error message and exit the program if the file couldn’t be opened
* The function should **only** keep count of non-empty lines

Example file 1 ([mountain_data.txt](data-files/mountain_data.txt))
“`
Pikes Peak|14114
Vermilion Peak|13894 Snowmass Mountain|14098
“`

**Sample run 1**

Function call: “`cpp
string filename = “mountatin_data.txt”; printMountainStats(filename);
“` Output:
“`
Number of lines read: 3.
Tallest mountain: Pikes Peak at 14114 feet.
Shortest mountain: Vermilion Peak at 13894 feet. “`

**Sample run 2**

Function call: “`cpp
string filename = “does-not-exist.txt”; printMountainStats(filename);
“` Output:
“`
Could not open file.
“`

**Sample run 3**

Example file 2(mountatin_data1.txt)
“`
Pikes Peak|14114

Vermilion Peak|13894 Snowmass Mountain|14098

“`

Function call: “`cpp
string filename = “mountatin_data1.txt”; printMountainStats(filename);
“` Output:
“`
Number of lines read: 3.
Tallest mountain: Pikes Peak at 14114 feet.
Shortest mountain: Vermilion Peak at 13894 feet.
“`
Your file should be named **mountainStats.cpp**. The cpp file should your printMountainStats() function, and a main() function to test printMountainStats(). Once you have finished developing and testing your solution in VSCode you should head over to the CodeRunner on Canvas and paste only your **printMountainStats() function** into the answer box for question 1.

## Question 3 (6 points): Reading Twitter Posts <a name=”question3″></a>
We’ll be using this question to give you a good start on Project 2. To make things easier, we’ll reuse the **split** function you created in Homework 5 Question 4. In the specifications we mentioned that **split** should return an integer based on one of the following conditions:
* Returns the number of splits found
* Returns 1 if the delimiter was not found in the string
* Returns -1 if the number of splits is larger than the size of the array
* Returns 0 if string provided is empty

For this question, you’ll be using the **posts.txt** file. Each line in this file has information about a social media post including the body of the post, the handle of the person that wrote it, and the number of likes. Just like in Homework 5, you can assume that no line will have delimiters at the beginning or end of the string and that there are no delimiters added consecutively. Your **split** function should not need to be modified.

From the sample file ([posts.txt](data-files/posts.txt)):
“`
Sko buffs!!,michelleryan,100
Imagine not having views like this on the way to class!,cuboulder,28
Never a dull moment at CU!,kate128,59
“`
Create a function called **readPosts** which will take the filename as an input parameter, proceed to open the file and read lines from it.
**readPosts** should then pass each line into **split** for parsing. Based on the return value from **split**, the number of posts found should **only** be incremented if three attributes: post body, author handle and number of likes were found. Other lines that don’t match this criteria should be ignored. More details on the function specifications are listed below.

*Function specifications*

* **Name:** readPosts()
* **Parameters (Your function should accept these parameters IN THIS
ORDER):**
* `string` **filename**: the name of the file to be read
* **Return Value:** `int`:
* Return the number of posts with all three required attributes found in the file
* It returns -1 if the file couldn’t be opened
* The function should ignore empty lines

**Sample run 1**

Function call: “`cpp
string filename = “posts.txt”; int num_posts = readPosts(filename); if (num_posts == -1)
{
cout << “Could not open file.” << endl;
} else {
cout << “Number of posts: ” << num_posts << “.” << endl; }
“` Output:
“`
Number of posts: 7.
“`

**Sample run 2**

Function call: “`cpp
string filename = “does-not-exist.txt”;
int num_posts = readPosts(filename); if (num_posts == -1)
{
cout << “Could not open file.” << endl;
} else {
cout << “Number of posts: ” << num_posts << “.” << endl;
} “` Output:
“`
Could not open file.
“`

Your file should be named **readPosts.cpp**. The cpp file should your split() and readPosts() functions, and a main() function to test readPosts(). Once you have finished developing and testing your solution in VSCode you should head over to the CodeRunner on Canvas and paste your **split()**(if you’ve called it in readPosts()) and **readPosts()** functions into the answer box for question 2.

## Question 4a (9 points): Restaurants Ratings<a name=”question4a”></a> In an effort to get rich quick with your newly acquired C++ skills, you begin to design a restaurant rating app (like Yelp). You let users rank restaurants in 3 categories: food quality (0-10), cleanliness (0-5), and wait time (0-5). In your app, each restaurant has these ratings and a name. The
**restaurant_samples.txt** file stores the restaurant name and ratings on one line, separated by `’~’` delimeters.

Sample file ([restaurant_samples.txt](data-files/restaurant_samples.txt)):
“`
Wendys~6~3~2
Chick-fil-a~9~5~5
McDonalds~2~2~2~2
Snarfburger~10~4~3
Cosmo’s Pizza~7~3~2
“`
It’s not guaranteed that each line contains the exact information we want, so you should design **readRestaurantData** to account for this. If a line has more or less information than expected, ignore it. A line with only two ratings or an extra rating should not count toward the total number of restaurants.

*Function specifications*
* **Name:** readRestaurantData()
* The function parameters in this order:
* `string` **filename**: the name of the file to be read
* `string` **restaurants[]**: an array of strings to store the driver names
* `int` **ratings[][3]**: a 2D array of integers to store the food quality rating, the cleanliness rating and the wait time for each restaurant. This should have the same number of rows as your restaurants array. You should assume there are only 3 columns
* `int` **arrSize**: the number of elements that can be stored in restaurants and ratings arrays
* **Return Value:** `int`:
* It returns the number of restaurants stored in the `restaurants[]` array if the function can open and read the file * It returns -1 if the file couldn’t be opened

**Note:** If the file contains more data than what can be stored in these arrays, restaurants and ratings should be filled up with as many elements that can be stored in them.

**Sample run 1** “`cpp
string filename = “restaurant_samples.txt”;

// max number of restaurants to read int num_restaurants = 3;

// make arrays to store data string restaurants[num_restaurants]; int ratings[num_restaurants][3];

// call read data function
int num_lines = readRestaurantData(filename, restaurants, ratings, num_restaurants);

// output results, if any if (num_posts == -1)
{
cout << “Could not open file.” << endl;
} else { cout << “Number of lines: ” << num_lines << “.” << endl; // printNames will be provided for the Coderunner tests printNames(restaurants, num_lines);
// printRatings will also be provided for the Coderunner tests printRatings(ratings, num_lines);
} “` Output:
“`
Number of lines: 3. names[0] = Wendy’s names[1] = Chick-fil-a names[2] = Snarfburger
food quality: 6 / 10, cleanliness: 3 / 5, wait time: 2 / 5 food quality: 9 / 10, cleanliness: 5 / 5, wait time: 5 / 5 food quality: 10 / 10, cleanliness: 4 / 5, wait time: 3 / 5 “`

**Sample run 2** “`cpp
string filename = “does-not-exist.txt”;
// max number of restaurants to read int num_restaurants = 3;

// make arrays to store data string restaurants[num_restaurants]; int ratings[num_restaurants][3];

// call read data function
int num_lines = readRestaurantData(filename, restaurants, ratings, num_restaurants);

// output results, if any if (num_posts == -1)
{
cout << “Could not open file.” << endl;
} else { cout << “Number of lines: ” << num_lines << “.” << endl; // printNames will be provided for the Coderunner tests printNames(restaurants, num_lines);
// printRatings will also be provided for the Coderunner tests printRatings(ratings, num_lines);
} “` Output:
“`
Could not open file.
“`
Your file should be named **restaurantRatings.cpp**. The cpp file should your split() and readRestaurantData() functions, and a main() function to test readRestaurantData(). Once you have finished developing and testing your solution in VSCode you should head over to the CodeRunner on Canvas and paste both your **split()** and **readRestaurantData()** functions into the answer box for question 3.

## Question 4b (3 points): Computing Score <a name=”question4b”></a>

Once you’ve successfully implemented and tested **readRestaurantData**, write a function named **calcOverallScore**. To calculate an overall score for each restaurant, using the following formula:
<br>
`score = (6.3 * Food Quality Rating) + (4.3 * Cleanliness Rating) + (3.4 * (5
– Wait Time Rating))`
<br>
<br>
You will read the ratings from a file into a 2D array using the
**readRestaurantData** function from Question 4a. For example, the overall score for Wendy’s from the [restaurant_samples.txt](datafiles/restaurant_samples.txt) file would be:
“`
// 6.3 * 6 + 4.3 * 3 + 3.4 * (5 – 2) = 60.9
Wendy’s overall score: 60.9
“`

*Function specifications*
* **Name:** calcOverallScore()
* **Parameters (Your function should accept these parameters IN THIS
ORDER):**
* `string` **restaurants[]**: the array of strings containing the names of the restaurants
* `int` **ratings[][3]**: the 2D array of integers containing the restaurant ratings. You should assume there are only 3 columns
* `int` **num_restaurants**: the number of restuarants in the array
* **Return Value:** No Return Value.
* **Output:**
* The function should print the overall score for each of the restaurant found in the `restaurants[]` array to 1 decimal place (use `setprecision`).

**Sample run 1**

Function call: “`cpp
string filename = “restaurant_samples.txt”;

// max number of restaurants to read int num_restaurants = 3;

// make arrays to store data string restaurants[num_restaurants]; int ratings[num_restaurants][3];

// call read data function
int num_lines = readRestaurantData(filename, restaurants, ratings, num_restaurants);

if (num_lines == -1)
{
cout << “Could not open file.” << endl;
} else { calcOverallScore(restaurants, ratings, num_lines);
} “` Output:
“`
Wendy’s overall score: 60.9
Chick-fil-a overall score: 78.2
Snarfburger overall score: 87.0
“`
Your file should be named **computeScore.cpp**. The cpp file should include split(), readRestaurantData(), calcOverallScore(), and a main function that tests your calcOverallScore() function. Once you have finished developing and testing your solution in VSCode you should head over to the CodeRunner on
Canvas and paste your **split()**, **readRestaurantData()** and **calcOverallScore()** functions into the answer box for question 4.

### Checklist <a name=”checklist”></a>

Here is a checklist for submitting the assignment:

2. **C++ files**. When you are finished with all the questions, zip all of your .cpp files together. Submit the single zip file under the assignment
**”Homework 6″** on Canvas.
* All files should be named as specified in each question, and they should compile and run on Coderunner (pass all test cases) and in VSCode to earn full points.
* Our TAs will be grading the style of your code and comments. Please see the style guide on Canvas for more details.
* At the top of each file, write your name in the format shown below. * Your C++ program for each question should also contain a main that tests the function you wrote, like below. **You should include at least 4 test cases for each function.** In general, we recommend you try to include as many test cases as you believe are necessary to ensure that your code works properly. Deciding on how many test cases to include is an important skill to learn, since the number of necessary test cases can change between programs. See [testing functions](#tests) for examples demonstrating testing arrays.

* **Style Example:** <br/>
* The zip file should be named, **hmwk6_lastname.zip**. It should have the following 5 files: * writingTests.cpp
* mountainStats.cpp
* readPosts.cpp
* restaurantRatings.cpp
* computeScore.cpp
* **Add any external files that are required for your assertions to pass to the zip submission.**

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# Grading Rubric <a name=”grading”></a>

| **Criteria** | Points |
| ——————————————- | —— |
| Question 1 | 6 | | Question 2 | 6 |
| Question 3 | 6 |
| Question 4a | 9 |
| Question 4b | 3 |
| C++ files zip submission (compiles and runs, style and comments)| 10 |
| Recitation attendance (Week 8)* | -8 | | Total | 40 |

**Note:** If your attendance is not recorded, you will lose points. Make sure your attendance is recorded on Canvas.